Mexico shares a rich and diverse history with several countries, both through geographical proximity and cultural ties. Below is an overview of the countries most closely related to Mexico:

1. United States (USA)

• Geography: Mexico shares its northern border with the United States, stretching almost 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers). The U.S. is Mexico’s largest trading partner and a significant political and cultural influence.

• Historical Ties: The U.S. and Mexico have a complex history, particularly because of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), which resulted in Mexico losing about half of its territory to the U.S. (including modern-day California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of other states). Despite this, the countries share strong trade, cultural exchange, and familial connections.

• Economic & Political Ties: Through the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), formerly NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), Mexico and the U.S. maintain a robust economic relationship, and the U.S. is the destination for a large portion of Mexican exports. The two countries also share common political and social interests, though there are ongoing discussions regarding immigration and border security.

2. Guatemala

• Geography: To the south of Mexico, Guatemala shares a border of about 541 kilometers (336 miles) with Mexico.

• Historical Ties: Both Mexico and Guatemala have deep-rooted indigenous histories. The Mayan civilization flourished in both countries, and many cultural traditions, languages (such as the Mayan languages), and customs are shared between them.

• Cultural & Social Ties: The countries share historical and cultural elements, such as similar cuisine, music, and religious practices, largely influenced by their indigenous populations. Many Guatemalans also migrate to Mexico for work, and Mexican culture has a significant presence in Guatemala, particularly in border regions.