Washington, D.C. was founded in 1790 and named after George Washington.
Founding & Early Years (1790s-1810s)
Establishment: Created by the Residence Act of 1790 as a permanent seat for the U.S. government, distinct from any state.
Location:
President George Washington chose the Potomac River site, incorporating land from Maryland and Virginia
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Design: Architect Pierre Charles L'Enfant designed the city's grand layout with public spaces and avenues.
Capital Move: The federal government officially moved to D.C. in 1800.
War of 1812: British forces burned the Capitol and White House in 1814, leading to reconstruction.
19th Century Growth & Civil War (1820s-1890s)
Slavery: D.C. had a significant enslaved population but became the first U.S. city to abolish slavery (1862) through the DC Compensated Emancipation Act.
Civil War: The city grew rapidly, becoming a crucial Union center, and experienced President Lincoln's assassination in 1865.
McMillan Plan (1901): This plan revitalized the city, establishing the National Mall, monuments, and museums, shaping its iconic look.
20th Century & Modern Era
Home Rule: After long periods of congressional control, the 1973 Home Rule Act granted residents an elected mayor and council, though federal oversight remains.
Civil Rights: D.C. played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement, with figures like Frederick Douglass residing and influencing policy.
Key Characteristics
Federal District: A unique territory not part of any state, governed by Congress.
Name: Named for George Washington and "Columbia," a poetic name for the U.S..